borobudur temple’s history
Posted on February 22nd, 2008 in tourism info borobudur, history, the place, tour, vacation
Around three hundred year before, this temple’s place presents to still shaped thicket’s forest by vicinity?s citizen is called redi Borobudur. For first the time, name Borobudur known from draft negarakertagama work mpu`prapanca in the year 1365 BC, mentioned about monastery at budur. Then in draft babad soil jawi (1709-1710) there message about fund?s brother, an ebel towards nail’s king buwono I, crenellated at redi Borobudur and fall death sentence. Then in the year 1w58, blazed message about a prince from Yogyakarta, that is prince monconagoro, intend to see statue a knight shut-in in bird cage.
In the year 1814, Thomas Stamford raffles get message from the subordinate about hill’s existence that chockablock carved stones. Based on that message is raffles delegates Cornelius, an art’s admirer and history, to clean that hill. After cleaned during two months constructively 200 citizens, temple’s building more clearly and restoration is continued in 1825. In 1834, resident kedu clean temple again, and year 1842 stupa temple is reviewed for furthermore watchfulness.
Name Borobudur
Hit name Borobudur self many ancient experts that interpret it, among others proof. Dr. Poerbotjoroko explain that word borobudur come from two words bhoro and budur. Bhoro come from Sanskrit that mean bihara or boarding house, while word budur refer in word that comes from Balinese beduhur that mean above. This opinion is strengthened by proof. Dr. Wf. Stutterheim that have a notion that Borobudur mean bihara above a hill.
Prof. Jg. De casparis base in cliff’s inscription middle that mention year this building’s opinion that is year sangkala: taste sagara kstidhara, or year caka 746 (824 BC), or in dynasty’s time syailendra that glorify god Indra. In inscription get name bhumisambharabhudhara that mean altar ancestor for the ancestor’s souls. How does that word?s reshuffle happen to be Borobudur? This matter happens because local society’s pronunciation’s factor.
Temple’s development Borobudur
Borobudur temple made in dynasty’s time syailendra Buddhism is king’s leadership samarotthungga. Architecture that create temple, based on society’s story named gunadharma. That temple’s development is finished in the year 847 m. Follow inscription kulrak (784m) this temple’s maker is helped by a teacher from ghandadwipa (Bangalore) named kumaragacya very respected, and a prince from Kashmir named visvawarman as adviser expert in teachings buddies? tantra vajrayana. This temple’s development is begun in time very king dananjaya that have a title Sri Sanggramadananjaya, continued by the son, samarotthungga, and by the woman’s grandchild, dyah pretty pramodhawardhani.
Before rehabilitate, Borobudur temple only shaped ruins as does artifact bow?s temple are found. Restoration furthermore by Cornelius in time raffles also resident hetman, afterwards period furthermore done in 1907-1911 by Theodora?s van erp that build to return temple’s form’s composition from ruins because eaten period until to form now. Van erp actually building’s technique’s expert genie military with first lieutenant’s rank, but then interested to canvass and study temple’s intricacy Borobudur, begin the philosophy until to teachings contains. For that he tries to do equal’s study for a number of years at Indians. He also goes to sri scarce to see top’s building’s composition stupa sanchi at`Kandy, until final van erp find temples form Borobudur. While hit philosophy’s basement and the religion is found by stutterheim and NJ. Chromium, that is about Buddhism teachings dharma with current mahayana-yogacara and there also mix with current tantrayana-vajrayana.
Watchfulness towards temple’s building’s composition and philosophy of course want time by dozens, even less if connect with another’s temple’s buildings that still one family. As does between Borobudur temple with temple pawon and temple mendut geographically present in one stripe.
Temple’s matter Borobudur
Borobudur temple is second biggest temple after temple ankor watt at Cambodia. Vast temple’s building Borobudur 15.129 m2 that from 55.000 m3 stone, from 2 million pebbles?s cut. Average stone’s size 25 cm x 10 cm x 15 cm. Long stone’s cut as a whole 500 km stone’s overall weighing 1, 3 million ton. Temple’s walls Borobudur surrounded by pictures or relief that be a series of story in 1.460 panels. Long panel each 2 meters if that relief’s series is unfolded so approximately long relief entire 3 km. Level’s total there ten, level 1-6 formed rectal while level 7-10 round formed. Statue found in all temples? building numbers 504 fruit. Tall temple from soil’s surface until end stupa mother before now 42 meters, but now is living 34, 5 meters after being pounced thunder.
Follow quest’s result a antropolog-etnolog Austrian, Robert von heine geldern, Indonesian?s ancestor has known culture’s order in period Neolithic and megalithic that come from Vietnam south and Cambodia. In period megalithic that is Indonesian?s ancestor makes the ancestor’s cemetery all at once altar shaped pyramid’s building compiles, more too on smaller. One of them that found at lebak sibedug leuwiliang Bogor west java. Similar building also found at temple sukuh`at elbow single, also Borobudur temple. If we espy, Borobudur appear will like building’s composition berundak or a kind of pyramid and a stupa. Differ from giant’s pyramid at Egypt and pyramid Teotihuac?n at temple’s Mexico Borobudur be version other pyramid’s building. Pyramid Borobudur shaped kepunden berundak will not be found at region and country every where, belong at Indians. The mentioned is one of [the] temple’s surplus Borobudur that be architecture’s specification bud his in Indonesia.
Mysterious around Borobudur temple
Till now there are some matter that still to be mysterious ingredient around stand it borobudur temple, for example in the case of stone’s composition, manner carries away stone from origin’s region to location, are those stones in size want or still shaped mount’s stone’s original form, how long those stone?s dismemberment’s process comes size wants, how does manner promoted those stones from base temple’s yard to top, crane’s tool what is used?. Relief’s picture, are those stones after pictorial then installed, or stone in a state of new artless is chiseled to drawn. And begin from which part that picture is chiseled, from on downwards or from under to on? Still many again mysterious not yet revealed scientifically, especially about space that found in stupa temple’s mother and Buddha?s statue, at centre or temple’s zenith in stupa biggest, guessed formerly there a depiction’s statue ad Buddha imperfect up to now still to be mysterious.
Chronological invention and restoration Borobudur
1814 – Sir Thomas Stamford raffles, great Briton?s governor general at java, hear ancient thing’s invention’s existence at village Borobudur. Raffles command h. C. Cornelius to delve invention’s location, shaped hill that filled coppice.
1873 – Monographic first about temple is published. `
1900 – Dutch?s Indies? government decides a restoration’s committee and temple’s treatment Borobudur.
1907 – Theodora van erp lead restoration up to year 1911.
1926 ? Restore Borobudur return, but delayed in the year 1940 crisis’s consequences malaise and World War II.
1956 – Indonesia?s government asks aid UNESCO. Prof. Dr. C. Foreman?s come to Indonesia from Belgium to canvass damage’s causes Borobudur.
1963 – Indonesia?s government takes letter of appointment to rehabilitate Borobudur, but in a mess after happen event g-30-s.
1968 – In konferensi-15 at French, UNESCO agrees to give aid to rescue Borobudur.
1971 – Indonesia?s government forms restoration’s body Borobudur that presided at proof. Ir. Roosseno.
1972 – International consultative committee formed with involves various country and roosseno as the chairman. Committee sponsored by UNESCO prepare 5 million unity?s America?s dollar from restorations cost 7.750 million unity?s America?s dollar. The rest is underwriting Indonesia.
10 Augusts 1973 – president soeharto official beginner it restoration Borobudur; restoration finished in the year 1984
21 Januaries 1985 – happen bomb’s attack that damage several stupa in Borobudur temple then soon repaired to return.
1991 – Borobudur appointed as world’s inheritance`UNESCO.
Leave a Comment